Summarize

1, Benign lesions with a long course of disease and complex and diversified lesions.

2, Common symptoms are nipple discharge and subareolar lumps.

3, Women between 40 and 60 years old are the most prone group.

4, following the doctor's advice after regular treatment, can achieve complete cure.

mammary duct ectasia is a chronic breast disease with a long course, complex and diverse lesions. The disease is caused by an abnormal increase in breast duct secretions, which stimulates the expansion of the breast duct and causes the secretions to spill out of the duct, thus triggering non-bacterial inflammatory lesions in which plasma cells gather around the breast duct
This disease is common in middle-aged and elderly women, and belongs to a benign breast disease of non-lactation mastitis, with a good prognosis, but it is easy to relapse.

Epidemiology
In benign breast diseases, mammary duct dilatation accounts for about 4% to 5%, which is often found in middle-aged and elderly women, and the age of onset is mostly 40 to 60 years old. In recent years, with the improvement of living standards, the incidence has a rising trend.

Etiology
At present, the cause of mammary ductectasis has not been fully clarified. It is speculated that the obstruction of mammary ductectasis, bacterial infection, and abnormal hormone level in blood may all lead to mammary ductectasis. In recent years, it has been suggested that the abnormal autoimmune function is one of the causes.

Underlying cause
Causes of ductectasia include breast duct excretion disorders, bacterial infections, abnormal blood hormone levels, and autoimmune dysfunction, and these factors may co-exist to cause ductectasia.

Dysexcretion of mammary ducts
Due to papillary dysplasia, congenital deformity, depression and other factors, resulting in mammary duct epithelial hyperplasia, inflammation, damage and other causes of duct stenosis, interruption or occlusion, resulting in gradual accumulation of ductal secretions, resulting in mammary duct dilation. The decomposition products stimulate the tissues around the mammary gland, causing inflammatory infiltration and fibroplasia, involving a part of the breast tissue to form a mass.
In some middle-aged and elderly women, due to the relaxation of the breast duct wall, the decline of muscle contraction, the discharge in the catheter can not be eliminated in time and gradually accumulate, causing the catheter to expand and induce infection.

Infect
If the skin of the nipple and areola area is infected with anaerobic bacteria, the bacteria can penetrate the skin and subcutaneous, involving the breast duct. Or on the basis of catheter obstruction, epithelial cells and lipid-lifting secretions shed in the tube accumulate, and escape the tube wall to decompose and produce chemical substances, causing chemical stimulation and antigenic reaction of surrounding tissues, causing plasma cell-based inflammation.

Abnormal hormone stimulation
Under normal circumstances, the levels of estrogen and prolactin in a woman's blood are in a stable range and fluctuate regularly with the physiological cycle. When the level of prolactin in the serum is abnormally high, it can stimulate the abnormal secretion of the glandular duct, resulting in catheter dilation, causing glandular duct dilation.

Inducing factor

Wound
Areolar trauma, surgery and other trauma may induce inflammation around the mammary duct, causing mammary duct dilatation.

Smoking
Substances in cigarettes can directly or indirectly damage the ductal epithelium of the breast, cause the exosmosis of ductal secretions, affect the level of estrogen in the blood, cause the imbalance of flora in the body, the excessive growth of anaerobic bacteria, and induce disease.

Medicine
Long-term oral contraceptives may indirectly induce disease by affecting hormone levels in the blood.